After carbon fiber precursor yarn is wound up, it forms a yarn spool and is sent to the carbonization workshop for processing. If the precursor yarn has defects such as clumps or fuzz, it can easily entangle the rollers during carbonization, leading to yarn breakage or open flames. Therefore, inspection is crucial. The yarn winding speed can reach over 400 meters per second, making various defects on the yarn invisible to the naked eye. Traditional manual inspection assesses surface defects after winding, which is slow and incomplete. With the maturity of machine vision technology, each precursor yarn can be inspected in real time during winding, 24 hours a day, ensuring full coverage. When the yarn is unwound, the entire spool is accurately evaluated based on the number and type of defects, improving the efficiency of quality control.